Gaskatel's Guides
Our guides provide you with practical expertise, helpful tips and in-depth insights.
Overview of our Guides
Principles of Electrochemical Potential Measurement
You want to measure electrochemical potentials – but how do they arise? Also learn more about reference electrodes of the second kind and salt bridges. Or do you need help with basic terms like activity, concentration, potential, and voltage?
Basics
Do you need help with basic terms like activity, concentration, potential, and voltage? Learn more here.
Pourbaix Diagram - helpful tools in electrochemistry
The potential of the RHE itself changes with the pH of the electrolyte by 59 mV/pH @25°C. This means that for any pH-dependent system changing its potential by 59 mV/pH, you will measure a stable pH-independent potential. The so-called Pourbaix diagram gives an overview of the pH dependence of potentials.
Platinum Plated Platinum Electrode as Standard Reference Electrode
In the past, a platinum plated platinum electrode washed round with hydrogen gas in hydrochloric acid has established itself for this purpose.
If you would like to learn more about this or measuring potentials with the hydrogen reference electrode HydroFlex, you can find further information here.
Reference Electrodes of the Second Kind
In former years, other systems besides the reversible hydrogen electrode have become established as reference electrodes. However, they can only be used with an interior electrolyte and an appropriate electrolyte bridge. These are reference electrodes of the second kind.
Electrolyte Key – Salt Bridge
An electrolyte bridge, also known as a salt bridge, is used for the contacting of various electrolytes. Commercial reference electrodes rely on salt bridges.
Hydrogen Reference Electrodes
A reference electrode is a half cell with an electrode potential which is established quick, constant, reproducible and stable over time. Here you will find some general information about our reference electrodes.
Hydrogen Reference Electrode HydroFlex
The platinum-hydrogen reference electrode is the first choice to measure potentials conforming to standards. Here you will find some general information about it.
How to Work with the Hydrogen Reference Electrode HydroFlex
Here you will find information on commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting of the hydrogen reference electrode HydroFlex.
Mini Hydrogen Reference Electrode Mini-HydroFlex
We have further developed and reduced the size of our hydrogen electrode HydroFlex for use in confined spaces. Here you will find some general information about our Mini-HydroFlex.
How to Work with the Hydrogen Reference Electrode Mini-HydroFlex
Here you will find information on commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting of the hydrogen reference electrode Mini-HydroFlex.
Use of the Hydrogen Electrodes HydroFlex and Mini-HydroFlex
HydroFlex does not contain any interior electrolyte, thus there is no ion-discharge and no diffusion potential.
Here you will find out more about the electrolytes and solutions in which our hydrogen reference electrodes can be used. Also learn more about the use of (Mini-)HydroFlex as a Reversible Hydrogen Electrode, Normal Hydrogen Electrode, and Standard Hydrogen Electrode.
Checking the Functionality of (Mini-)HydroFlex
Ideally, you should check the hydrogen electrode against a so-called master electrode, e.g. a calomel electrode, before your actual measurements. Here you will find more information about checking your HydroFlex or Mini-HydroFlex.
pH Hydrogen Electrode pHydrunio
Gaskatel's pH electrode pHydrunio is the world's first pH electrode combining two hydrogen electrodes into one combination electrode. It is the logical further development of our mini platinum hydrogen electrode Mini-HydroFlex.
Learn more about commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting of the pH electrode pHydrunio.
Principles of the pH-value Measurement with Hydrogen Electrodes
The hydrogen potential directly depends on the activity or rather the concentration of the hydronium ions and thus on the pH-value of the solution.
The World's First Hydrogen Platinum pH Electrode pHydrunio
pHydrunio is the logical further development of our mini platinum hydrogen electrode Mini-HydroFlex. Here you will find some general information about it.
How to Work with the pH Electrode pHydrunio
Here you will find information on commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting of the pH electrode pHydrunio.
Gas Diffusion Electrodes BiPlex
Gas diffusion electrodes from Gaskatel are porous electrodes for electrochemistry. Various catalysts can be processed into electrodes. The applications in electrochemistry are diverse and range from hydrogen electrodes to electrodes for the reduction of carbon dioxide.
What are Gas Diffusion Electrodes?
Gas diffusion electrodes are composed of a porous catalyst layer which has been applied on carrier material. Here you will find some general information about them.
Why are Gaskatel Gas Diffusion Electrodes Special?
Our gas diffusion electrodes are electrodes with a porous catalyst layer on a current collector. Watch the following video to learn more.
Fabrication of Gaskatel Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Gaskatel is able to develop and produce gas diffusion electrodes tailored to individual customer requirements. Here you will find some information about our production process.
Gas Diffusion Electrodes made by Gaskatel
Here you will find an overview of all gas diffusion electrodes from Gaskatel – including those that are not available in our online shop.
Electrochemical Test Cells
To achieve comparable results, you need a cell design with defined geometrical parameters to control the distance between the electrodes and the size of the working and counter electrode.
What are Electrochemical Cells?
Electrochemical cells are systems that convert energy of chemical reactions into electrical energy. Conversely, electrical energy can also be used for electrochemical reactions.
The Importance of Field Lines
Homogeneous electric field lines are required for correct measurements. Here you can learn more about parallel field lines, equipotential surfaces and IR-drop.
The Importance of Haber-Luggin Capillaries
The electrolytical contact between the working and the reference electrode is made by the Haber-Luggin capillary. It has to be positioned directly in front of the working electrode to minimize the voltage drop (IR-drop) across the electrolyte.
FlexCell - Electrochemical Test Cells
FlexCell is the optimized voltammetry test cell for electrochemistry with a three-electrode set-up. Here you can find some general information and take a look at the cross section of FlexCell.
Features of our Electrochemical Test Cells FlexCell
Here you will find information on the the three-electrode set-up of FlexCell. Learn more about what influences the electric field.
How to Work with the Test Cell FlexCell
Here you will find information on commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting of the electrochemical test cell FlexCell.
ElyFlow - Electrochemical Test Cell
ElyFlow is a test cell optimized for electrolyte circuits for electrochemistry with a three-electrode set-up. Here you can find some general information.
Features of our Electrochemical Test Cell ElyFlow
Here you will find information on the the three-electrode set-up of ElyFlow. Learn more about what influences the electric field.
How to Work with the Test Cell ElyFlow
Here you will find information on commissioning, maintenance and troubleshooting of the electrochemical test cell ElyFlow.